Before, After, While, As Soon As
Connect events in time with -기 전에 (before), -(으)ㄴ 후에/다음에 (after), -는 동안 (while), -자마자 (as soon as) and -(으)면서 (while doing at the same time).
What you will learn in this lesson
- Say what happens before and after an action
- Describe two things happening during the same time with -는 동안 and -(으)면서
- Say "as soon as" with -자마자
- Avoid common tense and subject mistakes with these connectors
Hello! When you tell a story, you need words like "before", "after", "while" and "as soon as". Korean puts these at the end of the first clause. Today we learn five useful connectors, and I’ll point out the small traps so you can avoid them.
One important rule first
In all of these patterns, the tense of the whole sentence is shown only at the end of the last verb. The first verb does not take -았/었-.
밥을 먹기 전에 손을 씻었어요. (not 먹었기 전에)
So you can say the same first part for the past, present and future: just change the final verb. This makes these connectors easier than they look.
"before (doing)…"
- Add -기 전에 to any verb stem, with no change: 자다 → 자기 전에, 먹다 → 먹기 전에.
- With nouns, use N + 전에: 수업 전에, 식사 전에.
- With time amounts, 전에 means "ago": 3년 전에 (three years ago).
- The first verb never takes the past tense.
- 자기 전에 책을 조금 읽어요. jagi jeone chaegeul jogeum ilgeoyo.I read a little before going to sleep.
- 한국에 오기 전에 한글을 배웠어요. hanguge ogi jeone hangeureul baewosseoyo.I learned Hangul before coming to Korea.
- 수업 전에 커피를 한 잔 마실 거예요. sueop jeone keopireul han jan masil geoyeyo.I’ll have a cup of coffee before class.
"after (doing)…"
- Vowel stem: + -ㄴ 후에 (보다 → 본 후에, 끝나다 → 끝난 후에).
- Consonant stem: + -은 후에 (먹다 → 먹은 후에, 읽다 → 읽은 후에).
- ㄹ stem: drop ㄹ (만들다 → 만든 후에, 놀다 → 논 후에).
- -(으)ㄴ 다음에 and -(으)ㄴ 뒤에 mean the same; 다음에 is a little more conversational.
- With nouns: 수업 후에, 식사 후에, 졸업 후에.
- Do not confuse with -고 나서, which is also "after" and often used in speech: 먹고 나서.
- 영화를 본 후에 저녁을 먹었어요. yeonghwareul bon hue jeonyeogeul meogeosseoyo.After watching the movie, we had dinner.
- 졸업한 다음에 한국 회사에서 일하고 싶어요. joreopan daeume hanguk hoesaeseo ilhago sipeoyo.After graduating, I want to work at a Korean company.
- 약은 식사 후에 드세요. yageun siksa hue deuseyo.Please take the medicine after meals.
- 케이크를 만든 뒤에 사진을 찍었어요. keikeureul mandeun dwie sajineul jjigeosseoyo.After making the cake, I took a picture.
Look carefully: -기 전에 is "before", and -(으)ㄴ 후에 is "after". They use different forms. -기 전에 takes no modifier ending, but -(으)ㄴ 후에 uses the past modifier -(으)ㄴ, because the first action is finished.
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"while…, during…" — the whole time something is happening.
- Add -는 동안 to the verb stem: 자다 → 자는 동안, 기다리다 → 기다리는 동안.
- ㄹ stem: drop ㄹ (살다 → 사는 동안, 놀다 → 노는 동안).
- With nouns: 방학 동안 (during vacation), 일주일 동안 (for a week).
- The two clauses can have different subjects: 아기가 자는 동안 저는 청소를 했어요.
- 제가 요리하는 동안 남편은 설거지를 했어요. jega yorihaneun dongan nampyeoneun seolgeojireul haesseoyo.While I cooked, my husband did the dishes.
- 한국에 사는 동안 많은 친구를 사귀었어요. hanguge saneun dongan maneun chingureul sagwieosseoyo.While I lived in Korea, I made many friends.
- 방학 동안 고향에 다녀올 거예요. banghak dongan gohyange danyeool geoyeyo.I’ll visit my hometown during vacation.
"as soon as…" — the second event happens right after the first.
- Add -자마자 to any verb stem: 도착하다 → 도착하자마자, 듣다 → 듣자마자.
- No tense on the first verb: 집에 오자마자 잤어요 (not 왔자마자).
- It is used with verbs, not adjectives.
- The subjects can be the same or different: 수업이 끝나자마자 학생들이 나갔어요.
- 집에 도착하자마자 샤워를 했어요. jibe dochakajamaja syaworeul haesseoyo.As soon as I got home, I took a shower.
- 그 소식을 듣자마자 친구에게 전화했어요. geu sosigeul deutjamaja chinguege jeonhwahaesseoyo.As soon as I heard the news, I called my friend.
- 월급을 받자마자 다 써 버렸어요. wolgeubeul batjamaja da sseo beoryeosseoyo.I spent it all as soon as I got paid.
"while (doing)…" — one person does two things at the same time.
- Vowel or ㄹ stem: + -면서 (보다 → 보면서, 만들다 → 만들면서).
- Consonant stem: + -으면서 (먹다 → 먹으면서, 걷다 → 걸으면서).
- Both actions must have the same subject.
- It can also show contrast: 알면서 모르는 척해요 (He knows, yet pretends not to).
- 음악을 들으면서 공부해요. eumageul deureumyeonseo gongbuhaeyo.I study while listening to music.
- 운전하면서 전화하면 위험해요. unjeonhamyeonseo jeonhwahamyeon wiheomhaeyo.It’s dangerous to talk on the phone while driving.
- 아르바이트를 하면서 대학교에 다녀요. areubaiteureul hamyeonseo daehakgyoe danyeoyo.I go to university while working part-time.
-는 동안 or -(으)면서?
- 저는 텔레비전을 보면서 밥을 먹어요. jeoneun tellebijeoneul bomyeonseo babeul meogeoyo. I eat while watching TV. Same person, two actions at once: -(으)면서.
- 동생이 텔레비전을 보는 동안 저는 밥을 먹었어요. dongsaengi tellebijeoneul boneun dongan jeoneun babeul meogeosseoyo. While my sibling watched TV, I ate. Different people: use -는 동안.
- 동생이 텔레비전을 보면서 저는 밥을 먹었어요. dongsaengi tellebijeoneul bomyeonseo jeoneun babeul meogeosseoyo. (Wrong) My sibling watching TV, I ate. Wrong: -(으)면서 needs the same subject in both clauses.
- 집에 오자마자 잤어요. jibe ojamaja jasseoyo. I slept as soon as I came home. Right after: -자마자.
- 집에 온 후에 잤어요. jibe on hue jasseoyo. I slept after I came home. Simply "after", maybe with time in between.
Summary
| Connector | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -기 전에 | before | 자기 전에 |
| -(으)ㄴ 후에 / 다음에 | after | 먹은 후에 |
| -는 동안 | while, during | 기다리는 동안 |
| -자마자 | as soon as | 듣자마자 |
| -(으)면서 | while doing (same subject) | 걸으면서 |
Talking about a daily routine
Check quiz
Q1. "I wash my hands before eating."
Q2. Choose the correct form: 숙제를 ( ) 후에 게임을 했어요.
Q3. Which sentence is wrong?
Q4. "As soon as class ended, I went home."
Q5. What is the -(으)면서 form of 걷다 (to walk)?
Q6. Fill in: 여름 방학 ( ) 제주도에 있었어요. (during summer vacation)
Great job today! Try describing your own day using all five connectors. Remember the two traps: no past tense on the first verb, and -(으)면서 only for one person doing two things.
Key points
- -기 전에 = before; -(으)ㄴ 후에 / 다음에 / 뒤에 = after.
- -는 동안 = while/during; different subjects are fine.
- -자마자 = as soon as; attach to the bare verb stem.
- -(으)면서 = doing two things at once; same subject only.
- Put the tense only on the final verb of the sentence.
Recommended official free resources
- Nuri-Sejong Hakdang (free e-textbooks) — King Sejong Institute Foundation
- Korean Basic Dictionary (multilingual) — National Institute of Korean Language
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